
Contents
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Introduction Introduction
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Stimulus Sampling Connections to Research Integrity Stimulus Sampling Connections to Research Integrity
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Replication Replication
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Researcher Biases Researcher Biases
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P-hacking P-hacking
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Overstatement of Results Overstatement of Results
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Publication Bias Publication Bias
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Research Transparency Research Transparency
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Why Are Good Stimulus Samples Important? Why Are Good Stimulus Samples Important?
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Example Literature: Media Psychology Example Literature: Media Psychology
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Making Stimulus Samples Better Making Stimulus Samples Better
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Specifying “What Is One” Specifying “What Is One”
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Choosing the Right Number of Stimuli Choosing the Right Number of Stimuli
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Analysis and Replication of Stimulus Samples Analysis and Replication of Stimulus Samples
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Designs That Observe Multiple Stimuli in Natural Settings Designs That Observe Multiple Stimuli in Natural Settings
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Conclusion Conclusion
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References References
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8 Stimulus Sampling and Research Integrity
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Published:April 2022
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Abstract
Much of behavioral science asks a sample of people to respond to a sample of stimuli in two or more different conditions. Concerns about the best ways to sample people to ensure the integrity of research are important and increasingly common. There is much less discussion, however, about stimulus sampling issues that also may significantly impact research quality. Research may have representative subjects in large enough numbers to enable the generalizability of results to other people, but often there is no corresponding concern about whether the representativeness of stimuli will generalize to other possible collections of similar material or to how different stimuli will affect the replicability of research. This chapter is about the consequences of underinvesting in stimulus sampling. We first link problems in stimulus sampling to other integrity issues in this volume. Next, we discuss why stimulus sampling issues are important, noting how changes in technology are influencing how stimuli can be used in research. A review of a sample literature (media psychology) is then presented followed by a discussion of solutions that could make stimulus samples better.
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