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Cardiovascular responses elicited by vestibular stimulation in animal subjects Cardiovascular responses elicited by vestibular stimulation in animal subjects
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Deficiencies in adjusting blood distribution in the body during postural alterations subsequent to vestibular system lesions Deficiencies in adjusting blood distribution in the body during postural alterations subsequent to vestibular system lesions
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Neural pathways crucial for producing vestibulo-sympathetic responses Neural pathways crucial for producing vestibulo-sympathetic responses
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Modulation of vestibulo-sympathetic responses Modulation of vestibulo-sympathetic responses
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Effects of vestibular stimulation on sympathetic nervous system activity and blood flow in human subjects Effects of vestibular stimulation on sympathetic nervous system activity and blood flow in human subjects
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Vestibulo-autonomic system: Relevance for clinicians Vestibulo-autonomic system: Relevance for clinicians
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Acknowledgements Acknowledgements
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References References
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Cite
Abstract
Evidence shows that the vestibular system participates in regulating blood distribution in the body and blood pressure during movement and posture changes. The chapter reviews data collected in both animal and human subjects demonstrating the existence of vestibulo-sympathetic reflexes that act upon the cardiovascular system. Neural pathways that mediate vestibulo-sympathetic responses are described, including projections from the caudal aspects of the vestibular nuclei to lateral regions of the caudal medullary reticular formation and the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). RVLM neurons relay vestibular signals to sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the thoracic spinal cord. Activity in this neural circuit is modulated by several brainstem regions and higher brain regions. Vestibulo-sympathetic responses are typically attenuated in conscious animals. The gain of the responses appears to be modulated in accordance with ongoing behavioural activity. The clinical implications of vestibulo-sympathetic responses and the clinical symptoms that may result from dysfunction of the responses are discussed.
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