
Contents
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General introduction General introduction
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Motion sickness Motion sickness
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Signs and symptoms Signs and symptoms
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Provocative environments and motion sickness incidences. Provocative environments and motion sickness incidences.
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Mechanisms Mechanisms
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Nature of the stimuli provoking motion sickness Nature of the stimuli provoking motion sickness
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Underlying neurophysiological mechanisms Underlying neurophysiological mechanisms
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Why does motion sickness exist? Why does motion sickness exist?
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Individual differences and predictors of motion sickness susceptibility Individual differences and predictors of motion sickness susceptibility
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Countermeasures and prevention Countermeasures and prevention
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Behavioural and nonpharmacological countermeasures Behavioural and nonpharmacological countermeasures
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Pharmacological countermeasures Pharmacological countermeasures
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Motorists’ (vestibular) disorientation Motorists’ (vestibular) disorientation
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Characteristics of spatial disorientation in road vehicles Characteristics of spatial disorientation in road vehicles
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The steep hill The steep hill
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The tilted horizon The tilted horizon
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Apparent drift when stationary Apparent drift when stationary
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Veering, tilting, and rolling over Veering, tilting, and rolling over
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Prevalence Prevalence
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Diagnosis Diagnosis
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Patient characteristics Patient characteristics
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Illustrative case histories Illustrative case histories
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Classification and relationship to other disorientation syndromes Classification and relationship to other disorientation syndromes
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Specific mechanisms underpinning potential disorientation Specific mechanisms underpinning potential disorientation
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Why do such symptoms emerge? Why do such symptoms emerge?
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Treatment Treatment
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Implications of disorientation for road safety Implications of disorientation for road safety
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References References
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26 Motion sickness and disorientation in vehicles
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Published:March 2025
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Abstract
Much of the content of this book concerns the characteristics of the person who has become ill as a consequence of vestibular or related disease. By contrast, we discuss the response of the normal person in environments beyond everyday pedestrian experience. This dichotomy could be thought of as ‘the sick person in the healthy environment versus the healthy person in a sick environment’. We first deal with motion sickness, a universal experience which may become a problem in the susceptible individual or in extreme environments. Second, we address the problem of disorientation. Spatial disorientation is familiar in the specialized occupations of pilots, astronauts, and divers. However, we have observed similar problems in users of road vehicles, which have been severe enough to have attracted clinical attention.
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