
Contents
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Pilocytic astrocytoma Pilocytic astrocytoma
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Introduction Introduction
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Epidemiology Epidemiology
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Histopathology and molecular pathogenesis Histopathology and molecular pathogenesis
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Clinical presentation Clinical presentation
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Imaging Imaging
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Management Management
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Surgery Surgery
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Radiotherapy Radiotherapy
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Systemic pharmacotherapy Systemic pharmacotherapy
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Survivorship, quality of life, neurocognitive function, palliative care Survivorship, quality of life, neurocognitive function, palliative care
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Surveillance Surveillance
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Commentary on guidelines Commentary on guidelines
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High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features
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Introduction Introduction
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Epidemiology Epidemiology
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Histopathology and molecular pathogenesis Histopathology and molecular pathogenesis
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Clinical presentation Clinical presentation
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Imaging Imaging
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Management Management
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Surgery Surgery
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Radiotherapy Radiotherapy
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Systemic pharmacotherapy Systemic pharmacotherapy
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Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma
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Introduction Introduction
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Epidemiology Epidemiology
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Histopathology and molecular pathogenesis Histopathology and molecular pathogenesis
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Clinical presentation Clinical presentation
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Imaging Imaging
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Management Management
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Surgery Surgery
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Radiotherapy Radiotherapy
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Systemic pharmacotherapy Systemic pharmacotherapy
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Chordoid glioma Chordoid glioma
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Introduction Introduction
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Epidemiology Epidemiology
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Histopathology and molecular pathogenesis Histopathology and molecular pathogenesis
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Clinical symptoms Clinical symptoms
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Imaging Imaging
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Management Management
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Surgery Surgery
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Radiotherapy Radiotherapy
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Systemic pharmacotherapy Systemic pharmacotherapy
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Astroblastoma, MN1-altered Astroblastoma, MN1-altered
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Definition Definition
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Epidemiology Epidemiology
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Histopathology and molecular pathogenesis Histopathology and molecular pathogenesis
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Clinical presentation Clinical presentation
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Imaging Imaging
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Management Management
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Surgery Surgery
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Radiotherapy Radiotherapy
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Systemic pharmacotherapy Systemic pharmacotherapy
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Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma
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Introduction Introduction
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Epidemiology Epidemiology
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Histopathology and molecular pathogenesis Histopathology and molecular pathogenesis
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Clinical presentation Clinical presentation
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Imaging Imaging
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Management Management
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Surgery Surgery
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Radiotherapy Radiotherapy
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Systemic pharmacotherapy Systemic pharmacotherapy
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References References
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2.4 Circumscribed astrocytic gliomas
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Published:April 2025
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Abstract
Pilocytic astrocytoma is a slow-growing tumor occurring in children and corresponds to World Health Organization grade 1. It is characterized by MAPK pathway alterations and prognosis is very good. High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features occurs in adults, shows signs of anaplasia, MAPK pathway alterations, and distinct DNA methylation. Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma occurs in children and young adults with BRAF V600E mutations, homozygous CDKN2A/CDKN2B deletions, and is assigned grade 2 or 3. Chordoid glioma is a rare, slow-growing glioma occurring in adults, and is characterized by a mutation in PRKCA. It corresponds to grade 2, and complete resection shows improved outcomes. Astroblastoma, MN1-altered is a rare glioma occurring in children and young adults and characterized by fusions of MN1 with BEND2 or CXXC5. While overall survival is good, increased mitotic frequency is associated with poorer outcomes. Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma is a slow-growing tumor corresponding to grade 1 with biallelic TSC1/TSC2 mutations.
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