
Contents
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Introduction/definition Introduction/definition
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Epidemiology Epidemiology
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Molecular pathogenesis Molecular pathogenesis
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Clinical presentation Clinical presentation
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Imaging and biomarkers Imaging and biomarkers
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Management Management
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Surgery Surgery
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Systemic pharmacotherapy Systemic pharmacotherapy
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Chemotherapy alone Chemotherapy alone
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Combined modality therapy Combined modality therapy
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High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation
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Radiotherapy Radiotherapy
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Germinoma Germinoma
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Non-germinomatous germ cell tumors Non-germinomatous germ cell tumors
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Central nervous system teratoma Central nervous system teratoma
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References References
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Cite
Abstract
Central nervous system germ cell tumors are a rare and heterogeneous group of tumors that include germinoma, mature and immature teratoma, teratoma with malignant transformation, yolk sac tumor, embryonal carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, and mixed tumors. These tumors most commonly occur in teenagers and young adults, with a greater incidence in Asia. The most common anatomical sites of disease are the pineal and suprasellar regions. Surgery can present potential challenges and toxicities, and the diagnosis can often be made using imaging and laboratory studies, with or without biopsy in selected cases. Combined modality therapy with chemotherapy and radiotherapy is most commonly used and leads to significant improvements in survival in non-germinomatous germ cell tumor patients, and it can also enable clinically significant reductions in the radiation dose needed in germinoma patients without compromising excellent survival rates.
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