
Contents
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The geographical background (Figs C and E) The geographical background (Figs C and E)
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The barbarian invasions in Epirus and Macedonia The barbarian invasions in Epirus and Macedonia
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Defence of territory Defence of territory
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Texts and inscriptions relating to urban defences Texts and inscriptions relating to urban defences
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Differences in the development of cities Differences in the development of cities
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The continued upkeep of fortifications The continued upkeep of fortifications
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The reduction of the defended circuit The reduction of the defended circuit
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Methods of defence Methods of defence
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The street-grids The street-grids
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Urban quarters and public buildings Urban quarters and public buildings
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Ceramics as an economic indicator Ceramics as an economic indicator
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Conclusion Conclusion
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References References
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20 From the Danube to the Po: the Defence of Pannonia and Italy in the Fourth and Fifth Centuries ad
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13 The Transformation of Cities in Late Antiquity within the Provinces of Macedonia and Epirus
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Published:December 2007
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Abstract
The provinces of Epirus and Macedonia, although divided into distinct regions by their mountains, were important for the Roman Empire, particularly because they were crossed by the via Egnatia which snaked its way eastwards, serving as the vital link between Rome and Constantinople at a time when insecurity was increasing along the Danubian frontier. From the middle of the third century, cities in this part of the Empire were under threat and their fortifications were reinforced in the fifth (Thessalonika) and sixth centuries (Byllis under Justininian). There was prosperity in the fourth century and beginning of the fifth. During the fifth century, the houses of Philippi were partly transformed into workshops. The sixth century was difficult and the second half was especially bleak. However, contacts between east and west were still maintained, along with local production. From 540–550, however, barbarian invasions and plague worsened the general situation. Graves appeared inside the city walls. Archaeology (Slav pottery and fibulae) and texts (Miracula Sancti Demetrii) all demonstrate how hard times were from the 580s to the 630s.
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