Abstract
Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is an increasingly used technique in critically ill cardiac patients and is associated with high mortality.
The aim of our study is to describe the factors associated with the mortality of patients undergoing IMV.
Single-center retrospective observational study of a cohort of patients admitted to a Coronary Care Unit (CCU) of a tertiary care hospital between January 2018 and March 2024 who required IMV. We registered baseline characteristics, reasons for admission, and aspects related to IMV, as well as complications and in-hospital mortality (IM).
A total of 349 patients were included, 246 males (70%). The mean age was 67 years. Image 1 summarizes the personal medical history of the population. The mean stay in the CCU was 10.49 days (min 1 - max 78, SD 10.19), and the mean duration of oro-tracheal intubation (OTI) was 5.36 days (min 1 - max 64, SD 6.7). Twenty patients required tracheostomy (TQ) (5.7%). IM was 45.3% (158 patients).
Of all the variables analyzed, sex (39,8% in males vs. 58,2% in females, p=0.002), the presence of hypertension (72.2% vs. 59.7%, p=0.015), dyslipidaemia (58.9% vs. 47.1%, p=0.029), a history of previous heart failure (HF) (29.1% vs. 13.6%, p<0.001), the need for TQ (9.1% vs. 3.2%, p=0.019), older age (70.84 vs. 64.98 years, p<0.001), and a longer duration of OTI (6.78 vs. 4.19 days, p<0.001) were initially significantly associated with mortality. There was no significant association between mortality and other factors, including reason for admission, reason for OTI, length of stay in the CCU, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at admission or renal function.
Based on these findings, we conducted a multivariate analysis (Image 2), which showed that female sex, the presence of prior heart failure, older age, and longer duration of OTI were associated with higher IM.
Author notes
Funding Acknowledgements: None.
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