Myanmar in the Fifteenth Century: A Tale of Two Kingdoms
Myanmar in the Fifteenth Century: A Tale of Two Kingdoms
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Abstract
When the kingdom of Pagan—representing the “classical state” and “golden age” of Myanmar—declined politically by the early fourteenth century, Upper Myanmar reconstituted itself into three smaller centers of power, each controlled by a minister of the old court, while Lower Myanmar, finally freed from Upper Myanmar’s hegemony, began the process of state formation for the first time. This transitional situation continued for the next half century until two new kingdoms emerged. In Upper Myanmar, it was the First Ava Dynasty and Kingdom in 1364 and in Lower Myanmar, the First Pegu Dynasty and Kingdom in 1349. BoThattained their pinnacles by the fifteenth century, and both had declined before the first half of the sixteenth century was over. That period of nearly 200 years is the only gap left in the mainstream historiography of Myanmar, which this book seeks to fill, by reconstructing the origins, development, and decline of each kingdom separately, and then examining the impact of that history on their relationship. The study shows that whereas in-land agrarian Ava continued the classical tradition of Pagan, maritime commercial Pegu was an entirely new kingdom, the first in Lower Myanmar. The situation generated a symbiotic and dualistic geo-political “upstream-downstream” relationship between the two kingdoms that became, thereafter, a recurring historical pattern until today, currently represented by in-land Naypyidaw and “coastal” Yangon.
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Front Matter
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Introduction: The Study of Ava and Pegu
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Part I The Kingdom of Ava (1364–1527)
Michael A. Aung-Thwin -
Part II The Kingdom of Pegu (1353–1538)
Michael A. Aung-Thwin-
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The Pegu Convention
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Sources for the Reconstruction of Pegu
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The Origins of Pegu and Its Founding Fathers
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Yazadarit the Unifier
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The Golden Years at Pegu: Shin Saw Bu, Dhammazedi, and Bannya Ram
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The Historical Legacy of the First Pegu Dynasty
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Conclusion: An “Upstream-Downstream” Dualism: Time, Space, and Type in Myanmar’s History
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The Pegu Convention
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End Matter
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