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Lettuce | Lactuca sativa var. capitata
beet armyworm | Spodoptera exigua, cabbage looper | Trichoplusia ni
3-bromo-4′-chloro-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2′-methyl-6′-(methylcarbamoyl)pyrazole-5-carboxanilide, 3-bromo-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-4′-cyano-2′-methyl-6′-(methylcarbamoyl)pyrazole-5-carboxanilide, Benzoic acid, 3-methoxy-2-methyl-,2-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)-2-(1,1-dimethylethyl) hydrazide, (R)-cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl (1S,3S)-rel-3-[(1Z)-2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propen-1-yl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate, (N 2-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]-3-iodo-N 1-[2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]-1,2-benzenedicarboxamide), 3-bromo-N-[2-bromo-4-chloro-6-[[(1-cyclopropylethyl)amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide

The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of foliar insecticide spray applications for control of worm pests (BAW and CL) on iceberg head lettuce under desert growing conditions. Head lettuce “Diamond Back” was direct seeded on 17 September 2014 at the University of California Desert Research and Extension Center, El Centro, CA into, double row beds on 40-inch centers. Stand establishment was achieved using overhead sprinkler irrigation and irrigated via furrow irrigation thereafter. Plots were four 40-inch beds (13.3 ft) in width by 50 ft in length with one nonplanted bed between plots and 5 ft between blocks. Four replications of each treatment were arranged in an RCB design. Insecticidal compounds, formulations, and application rates are provided in the tables. All insecticide treatments were applied as foliar sprays with a four-row sprayer (Lee Spider Spray Trac, LeeAgra, Inc., Lubbock, TX) equipped with three TJ-60 11003VS nozzles per row delivering a directed spray application at 25 psi and 47.6 gpa on 14 October 2014. An adjuvant, DyneAmic (Helena Chemical CO., Collierville, TN) was added at 0.25% vol/vol to each foliar spray mixture. Worm pests sampled included BAW (92% of worms present in the plots) and CL (8% of total worms present); data for both species were pooled. The numbers of worm pests were counted and recorded from 20 random plants per treatment in each replicate on 13 October, 1-d pretreatment (1-DPT), and posttreatment samples were taken on 17 October, 3 d after treatment (3-DAT); 21 October, 7-DAT; 24 October, 10-DAT, and 27 October, 13-DAT. Because there were many “0” in the data sets, 0.001 was added to all data for statistical analysis, but means are reported with only 2 digits to the right of the decimal. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance. Differences among means on each sampling date were determined using LSD test ( P  = 0.05).

The BAW and CL levels were very low, compared to past years, throughout the duration of the study. There were no differences among the means for worm pests (BAW and CL larvae) on 13 October 1-DPT ( Table 1 ). All the insecticide treatments had significantly fewer worm pest larvae than the untreated check on all post treatment sampling dates. There were no differences among the insecticide spray treatments for worm pests on the posttreatment sampling dates of 17, 24, and 27 October, but the Intrepid 2F + Warrior II treatment had significantly more worms than all insecticide treatments on 21 October, 7-DAT, and for the posttreatment average. There were no apparent symptoms of phytotoxicity from the insecticide treatments.

Treatment/formulationRate amt product(fl oz)/acre Larvae per 20 plants
13 Oct.17 Oct.21 Oct.24 Oct.27 Oct. PTA a
1-DPT3-DAT 7-DAT a10-DAT13DAT
Check—1.50 a4.75 a3.50 a2.00 a2.50 a3.19 a
Coragen SC5.01.25 a0.00 b0.00 c0.25 b0.25 b0.13 c
Exirel 10SE13.51.50 a0.00 b0.00 c0.00 b0.00 b0.00 c
Intrepid 2F10.01.75 a0.25 b0.75 b0.75 b0.25 b0.50 b
+ Warrior II3.0
Radiant SC5.00.50 a0.00 b0.00 c0.00 b0.00 b0.00 c
Belt SC1.51.50 a0.00 b0.00 c0.50 b0.00 b0.13 c
Cyclaniliprole 50SL11.00.50 a0.00 b0.00 c0.25 b0.25 b0.13 c
Intrepid 2F10.00.75 a0.25 b0.25 bc0.25 b0.00 b0.19 bc
Treatment/formulationRate amt product(fl oz)/acre Larvae per 20 plants
13 Oct.17 Oct.21 Oct.24 Oct.27 Oct. PTA a
1-DPT3-DAT 7-DAT a10-DAT13DAT
Check—1.50 a4.75 a3.50 a2.00 a2.50 a3.19 a
Coragen SC5.01.25 a0.00 b0.00 c0.25 b0.25 b0.13 c
Exirel 10SE13.51.50 a0.00 b0.00 c0.00 b0.00 b0.00 c
Intrepid 2F10.01.75 a0.25 b0.75 b0.75 b0.25 b0.50 b
+ Warrior II3.0
Radiant SC5.00.50 a0.00 b0.00 c0.00 b0.00 b0.00 c
Belt SC1.51.50 a0.00 b0.00 c0.50 b0.00 b0.13 c
Cyclaniliprole 50SL11.00.50 a0.00 b0.00 c0.25 b0.25 b0.13 c
Intrepid 2F10.00.75 a0.25 b0.25 bc0.25 b0.00 b0.19 bc

PTA, posttreatment averages. Means within columns followed by the same letter are not significantly different, P  > 0.05, least significant difference (LSD).

a Log 10 ( X  + 1) transformed data used in analysis; means from nontransformed data are reported.

Treatment/formulationRate amt product(fl oz)/acre Larvae per 20 plants
13 Oct.17 Oct.21 Oct.24 Oct.27 Oct. PTA a
1-DPT3-DAT 7-DAT a10-DAT13DAT
Check—1.50 a4.75 a3.50 a2.00 a2.50 a3.19 a
Coragen SC5.01.25 a0.00 b0.00 c0.25 b0.25 b0.13 c
Exirel 10SE13.51.50 a0.00 b0.00 c0.00 b0.00 b0.00 c
Intrepid 2F10.01.75 a0.25 b0.75 b0.75 b0.25 b0.50 b
+ Warrior II3.0
Radiant SC5.00.50 a0.00 b0.00 c0.00 b0.00 b0.00 c
Belt SC1.51.50 a0.00 b0.00 c0.50 b0.00 b0.13 c
Cyclaniliprole 50SL11.00.50 a0.00 b0.00 c0.25 b0.25 b0.13 c
Intrepid 2F10.00.75 a0.25 b0.25 bc0.25 b0.00 b0.19 bc
Treatment/formulationRate amt product(fl oz)/acre Larvae per 20 plants
13 Oct.17 Oct.21 Oct.24 Oct.27 Oct. PTA a
1-DPT3-DAT 7-DAT a10-DAT13DAT
Check—1.50 a4.75 a3.50 a2.00 a2.50 a3.19 a
Coragen SC5.01.25 a0.00 b0.00 c0.25 b0.25 b0.13 c
Exirel 10SE13.51.50 a0.00 b0.00 c0.00 b0.00 b0.00 c
Intrepid 2F10.01.75 a0.25 b0.75 b0.75 b0.25 b0.50 b
+ Warrior II3.0
Radiant SC5.00.50 a0.00 b0.00 c0.00 b0.00 b0.00 c
Belt SC1.51.50 a0.00 b0.00 c0.50 b0.00 b0.13 c
Cyclaniliprole 50SL11.00.50 a0.00 b0.00 c0.25 b0.25 b0.13 c
Intrepid 2F10.00.75 a0.25 b0.25 bc0.25 b0.00 b0.19 bc

PTA, posttreatment averages. Means within columns followed by the same letter are not significantly different, P  > 0.05, least significant difference (LSD).

a Log 10 ( X  + 1) transformed data used in analysis; means from nontransformed data are reported.

* This research was supported by industry gifts.

Author notes

Subject Editor: John Palumbo

© The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Entomological Society of America.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs licence ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact [email protected]
Issue Section:
Test > Hosts > Pests > Materials > Benzoic acid > 3-methoxy-2-methyl-,2-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)-2-(1,1-dimethylethyl) hydrazide > (R)-cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl (1S,3S)-rel-3-[(1Z)-2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propen-1-yl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate > 3-bromo-N-[2-bromo-4-chloro-6-[[(1-cyclopropylethyl)amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide > 3-bromo-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-4′-cyano-2′-methyl-6′-(methylcarbamoyl)pyrazole-5-carboxanilide > 3-bromo-4′-chloro-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2′-methyl-6′-(methylcarbamoyl)pyrazole-5-carboxanilide > Beet armyworm | Spodoptera exigua > cabbage looper | Trichoplusia ni > (N 2-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]-3-iodo-N 1-[2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]-1,2-benzenedicarboxamide) > Lettuce | Lactuca sativa var. capitata
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