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citrus leafminer | Phyllocnistis citrella
abamectin/avermectin B1, thiamethoxam, cyantraniliprole, chlorantraniliprole, petroleum oil
Satsuma (clementine, mandarin, tangerine) | Citrus reticulata

A field trial to determine the efficacy of insecticides to protect citrus foliage against citrus leafminers was conducted in a 5-yr-old orchard of ‘Tango’ mandarins at the Lindcove Research and Extension Center, Exeter, California. Sample trees were pruned on 8 Sep 2015 to stimulate new flush. Insecticides were applied to eight trees per treatment in a CRD using a 100 gal high pressure D30 diaphragm pump sprayer with mechanical agitation applied at 200 psi. Treatments were applied in 100 gpa water on 24 Sep. All treatments were applied with 0.25% Dyne-Amic, except for one treatment each of Exirel and Minecto Pro that were applied with 0.50% Omni oil. Four to ten young flush leaves that could be utilized by citrus leafminer larvae were collected from four branches per tree and examined under a dissection microscope at weekly intervals during Oct. The mean number of live larvae per suitable leaf was compared between treatments using ANOVA and the means were separated according to Fisher’s LSD ( P  = 0.05) after log 10 (x + 1) transformation.

All treatments significantly reduced the mean number of larvae per suitable leaf on 5–7 dates during the 7 wk after treatment ( Table 1 ). This research was supported by the Citrus Research Board and industry gifts of funding and pesticides.

Treatment/formulationRate-amt form/acre Mean no. live citrus leafminer larvae/leaf
30 Sep2 Oct8 Oct15 Oct22 Oct29 Oct6 Nov13 Nov
Untreated0.02a0.03a0.34a0.41a0.24a0.42a0.33a0.66a
Exirel 10 SE + Dyne-Amic16 fl oz + 0.25%0.01b0.01b0.01c0.07d0.22a0.10cd0.14b0.41ab
Exirel 10 SE + Omni 6E oil16 fl oz + 0.50%0.00b0.00b0.02c0.12cd0.23a0.09cd0.07b0.40ab
Minecto Pro SC + Dyne-Amic8 fl oz + 0.25%0.00b0.00b0.02c0.24bc0.16ab0.18bcd0.18ab0.40ab
Minecto Pro SC + Dyne-Amic10 fl oz + 0.25%0.00b0.00b0.01c0.18bcd0.08b0.21bc0.18b0.38ab
Minecto Pro SC + Omni 6E oil10 fl oz + 0.50%0.00b0.00b0.06bc0.19bcd0.17ab0.07d0.18b0.31ab
Minecto Pro SC + Dyne-Amic12 fl oz + 0.25%0.01b0.01b0.01c0.11d0.16ab0.20bcd0.13b0.24b
Agri-Flex SC + Dyne-Amic8.5 fl oz + 0.25%0.02b0.02b0.07bc0.17bcd0.13b0.29ab0.20ab0.45ab
Voliam Flexi + Dyne-Amic7 oz + 0.25%0.01b0.01b0.11d0.30ab0.15ab0.10cd0.12b0.57ab
Treatment/formulationRate-amt form/acre Mean no. live citrus leafminer larvae/leaf
30 Sep2 Oct8 Oct15 Oct22 Oct29 Oct6 Nov13 Nov
Untreated0.02a0.03a0.34a0.41a0.24a0.42a0.33a0.66a
Exirel 10 SE + Dyne-Amic16 fl oz + 0.25%0.01b0.01b0.01c0.07d0.22a0.10cd0.14b0.41ab
Exirel 10 SE + Omni 6E oil16 fl oz + 0.50%0.00b0.00b0.02c0.12cd0.23a0.09cd0.07b0.40ab
Minecto Pro SC + Dyne-Amic8 fl oz + 0.25%0.00b0.00b0.02c0.24bc0.16ab0.18bcd0.18ab0.40ab
Minecto Pro SC + Dyne-Amic10 fl oz + 0.25%0.00b0.00b0.01c0.18bcd0.08b0.21bc0.18b0.38ab
Minecto Pro SC + Omni 6E oil10 fl oz + 0.50%0.00b0.00b0.06bc0.19bcd0.17ab0.07d0.18b0.31ab
Minecto Pro SC + Dyne-Amic12 fl oz + 0.25%0.01b0.01b0.01c0.11d0.16ab0.20bcd0.13b0.24b
Agri-Flex SC + Dyne-Amic8.5 fl oz + 0.25%0.02b0.02b0.07bc0.17bcd0.13b0.29ab0.20ab0.45ab
Voliam Flexi + Dyne-Amic7 oz + 0.25%0.01b0.01b0.11d0.30ab0.15ab0.10cd0.12b0.57ab

Means within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (LSD, P  > 0.05) after log 10 (x + 1) transformation; nontransformed means are listed.

Treatment/formulationRate-amt form/acre Mean no. live citrus leafminer larvae/leaf
30 Sep2 Oct8 Oct15 Oct22 Oct29 Oct6 Nov13 Nov
Untreated0.02a0.03a0.34a0.41a0.24a0.42a0.33a0.66a
Exirel 10 SE + Dyne-Amic16 fl oz + 0.25%0.01b0.01b0.01c0.07d0.22a0.10cd0.14b0.41ab
Exirel 10 SE + Omni 6E oil16 fl oz + 0.50%0.00b0.00b0.02c0.12cd0.23a0.09cd0.07b0.40ab
Minecto Pro SC + Dyne-Amic8 fl oz + 0.25%0.00b0.00b0.02c0.24bc0.16ab0.18bcd0.18ab0.40ab
Minecto Pro SC + Dyne-Amic10 fl oz + 0.25%0.00b0.00b0.01c0.18bcd0.08b0.21bc0.18b0.38ab
Minecto Pro SC + Omni 6E oil10 fl oz + 0.50%0.00b0.00b0.06bc0.19bcd0.17ab0.07d0.18b0.31ab
Minecto Pro SC + Dyne-Amic12 fl oz + 0.25%0.01b0.01b0.01c0.11d0.16ab0.20bcd0.13b0.24b
Agri-Flex SC + Dyne-Amic8.5 fl oz + 0.25%0.02b0.02b0.07bc0.17bcd0.13b0.29ab0.20ab0.45ab
Voliam Flexi + Dyne-Amic7 oz + 0.25%0.01b0.01b0.11d0.30ab0.15ab0.10cd0.12b0.57ab
Treatment/formulationRate-amt form/acre Mean no. live citrus leafminer larvae/leaf
30 Sep2 Oct8 Oct15 Oct22 Oct29 Oct6 Nov13 Nov
Untreated0.02a0.03a0.34a0.41a0.24a0.42a0.33a0.66a
Exirel 10 SE + Dyne-Amic16 fl oz + 0.25%0.01b0.01b0.01c0.07d0.22a0.10cd0.14b0.41ab
Exirel 10 SE + Omni 6E oil16 fl oz + 0.50%0.00b0.00b0.02c0.12cd0.23a0.09cd0.07b0.40ab
Minecto Pro SC + Dyne-Amic8 fl oz + 0.25%0.00b0.00b0.02c0.24bc0.16ab0.18bcd0.18ab0.40ab
Minecto Pro SC + Dyne-Amic10 fl oz + 0.25%0.00b0.00b0.01c0.18bcd0.08b0.21bc0.18b0.38ab
Minecto Pro SC + Omni 6E oil10 fl oz + 0.50%0.00b0.00b0.06bc0.19bcd0.17ab0.07d0.18b0.31ab
Minecto Pro SC + Dyne-Amic12 fl oz + 0.25%0.01b0.01b0.01c0.11d0.16ab0.20bcd0.13b0.24b
Agri-Flex SC + Dyne-Amic8.5 fl oz + 0.25%0.02b0.02b0.07bc0.17bcd0.13b0.29ab0.20ab0.45ab
Voliam Flexi + Dyne-Amic7 oz + 0.25%0.01b0.01b0.11d0.30ab0.15ab0.10cd0.12b0.57ab

Means within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (LSD, P  > 0.05) after log 10 (x + 1) transformation; nontransformed means are listed.

Author notes

Subject Editor: David Haviland

© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Entomological Society of America.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ ), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact [email protected]
Issue Section:
Section D: Citrus, Nuts, and Other Tree Fruits
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