
Contents
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Anatomy Anatomy
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Oral cavity Oral cavity
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Oropharynx Oropharynx
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Nasopharynx Nasopharynx
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The tongue The tongue
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Benign lesions of the oral cavity Benign lesions of the oral cavity
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Buccal, alveolar, and gingival lesions Buccal, alveolar, and gingival lesions
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Benign lip lesions Benign lip lesions
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Benign tongue lesions Benign tongue lesions
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Floor of mouth lesions Floor of mouth lesions
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Ranulas Ranulas
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Palatal lesions Palatal lesions
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Excision of torus palatinus Excision of torus palatinus
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Preparation Preparation
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Incision Incision
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Procedure Procedure
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Other lesions Other lesions
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Oral cancer Oral cancer
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Risk factors Risk factors
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Demographics Demographics
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Signs and symptoms Signs and symptoms
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Assessment Assessment
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Management Management
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Treatment Treatment
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Surgery for malignant lesions of the tongue and floor of mouth Surgery for malignant lesions of the tongue and floor of mouth
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General preparation General preparation
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Hemiglossectomy Hemiglossectomy
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Anterior mandibulotomy Anterior mandibulotomy
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Marginal mandibulectomy Marginal mandibulectomy
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Approach Approach
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Segmental mandibulectomy Segmental mandibulectomy
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Total glossectomy Total glossectomy
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Approach Approach
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Post operatively Post operatively
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Specific complications Specific complications
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Brachytherapy Brachytherapy
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Oropharyngeal cancer Oropharyngeal cancer
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Sites Sites
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Tonsil carcinoma Tonsil carcinoma
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Symptoms and signs Symptoms and signs
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Aetiological factors Aetiological factors
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Investigation Investigation
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Management of the primary tumour Management of the primary tumour
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Management of the neck Management of the neck
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Surgery for cancer of the oropharynx Surgery for cancer of the oropharynx
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Oropharyngeal resection with ascending ramus of mandible Oropharyngeal resection with ascending ramus of mandible
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Preparation Preparation
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Incision Incision
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Closure Closure
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Post-operatively Post-operatively
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Alternative approaches Alternative approaches
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Tonsils and adenoids Tonsils and adenoids
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Anatomy and physiology Anatomy and physiology
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Tonsillitis Tonsillitis
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Signs of acute tonsillitis Signs of acute tonsillitis
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Complications of tonsillitis Complications of tonsillitis
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Suppurative Suppurative
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Non-suppurative Non-suppurative
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Glandular fever Glandular fever
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Signs and symptoms Signs and symptoms
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Treatment Treatment
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Complications Complications
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Other tonsil infections Other tonsil infections
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Tonsillectomy Tonsillectomy
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Complications Complications
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Simple snoring Simple snoring
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Assessment Assessment
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History History
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Examination Examination
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Investigations Investigations
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Treatment Treatment
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Conservative treatment Conservative treatment
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Surgical treatment Surgical treatment
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Non-surgical treatment Non-surgical treatment
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Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UVPPP) Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UVPPP)
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Technique Technique
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Post-operatively Post-operatively
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Complications Complications
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Alternative procedures Alternative procedures
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Cite
Extract
Anatomy
Oral cavity
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Oropharynx
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Nasopharynx
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The tongue
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Benign lesions of the oral cavity
A great variety of benign lesions can be found arising from, or beneath, the oral mucosa, most of which are hyperplasias and granulomas. However, surgical excision is crucial if malignancy is expected.
Buccal, alveolar, and gingival lesions
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Benign lip lesions
Lip lesions account for 15% of minor salivary gland neoplasms (mostly in the upper lip) ∴ excision is mandatory. The commonest lesion is the mucous retention cyst or mucocele presenting as a bluish-white swelling beneath the mucosa. There is often a history of spontaneous rupture with the release of a viscous fluid, followed by recurrence. Treatment is local excision of lesion, associated gland, and overlying mucosa with simple primary closure. Recurrence is not uncommon.
Benign tongue lesions
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Floor of mouth lesions
Dermoid cysts: true cysts lined by squamous epithelium containing keratin and squamous material. Thought to be due to epithelial cell rests left after fusion of the hyoid and mandibular arches. Usually present in the midline in the floor of the mouth. Treatment is simple surgical excision.
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