
Contents
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Introduction Introduction
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Hypoproliferative anaemias Hypoproliferative anaemias
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Neurological complications of anaemia in general Neurological complications of anaemia in general
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Neurological complications of iron deficiency Neurological complications of iron deficiency
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Restless legs syndrome Restless legs syndrome
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Frequency and risk factors Frequency and risk factors
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Aetiology and pathogenesis Aetiology and pathogenesis
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Clinical presentation Clinical presentation
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Diagnostic testing Diagnostic testing
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Treatment and outcomes Treatment and outcomes
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Neurocognitive symptoms Neurocognitive symptoms
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Megaloblastic anaemias Megaloblastic anaemias
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Neurological complications of cobalamin deficiency Neurological complications of cobalamin deficiency
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Frequency and risk factors Frequency and risk factors
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Aetiology and pathogenesis Aetiology and pathogenesis
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Clinical presentation Clinical presentation
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Diagnostic testing Diagnostic testing
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Treatment and outcomes Treatment and outcomes
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Neurological complications of folate deficiency Neurological complications of folate deficiency
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Frequency and risk factors Frequency and risk factors
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Aetiology and pathogenesis Aetiology and pathogenesis
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Clinical presentation Clinical presentation
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Diagnostic testing Diagnostic testing
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Treatment and outcomes Treatment and outcomes
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Disorders of haemoglobin Disorders of haemoglobin
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Neurological complications of sickle cell disease Neurological complications of sickle cell disease
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Frequency and risk factors Frequency and risk factors
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Aetiology and pathogenesis Aetiology and pathogenesis
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Clinical presentation Clinical presentation
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Diagnostic testing Diagnostic testing
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Treatment and outcomes Treatment and outcomes
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Neurological complications of thalassaemia Neurological complications of thalassaemia
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Erythrocyte infections Erythrocyte infections
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Neurological complications of malaria Neurological complications of malaria
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Frequency and risk factors Frequency and risk factors
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Aetiology and pathogenesis Aetiology and pathogenesis
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Clinical presentation Clinical presentation
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Diagnostic testing Diagnostic testing
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Treatment and outcomes Treatment and outcomes
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Neurological complications of Babesia infection Neurological complications of Babesia infection
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Conclusions Conclusions
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References References
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11 Neurological complications of red blood cell disorders
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Published:July 2024
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Abstract
Abnormalities in erythrocyte structure and function result from a variety of genetic, metabolic, and infectious causes. Such abnormalities impair the ability of the erythrocyte to carry and deliver oxygen and other nutrients to tissues of the body. Consequently, many of the major medical and neurological complications of erythrocyte dysfunction are due to hypoxaemic or ischaemic tissue injury. This chapter reviews the neurological complications caused by disorders of the erythrocyte, focusing on hypoproliferative anaemias, megaloblastic anaemias, disorders of haemoglobin, and infections of the erythrocyte. Four distinctive neurological conditions are highlighted: restless legs syndrome in iron deficiency anaemia; subacute combined degeneration in cobalamin deficiency, moyamoya syndrome in sickle cell disease, and cerebral involvement in Plasmodium falciparum infection.
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