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Published: 06 May 2025
Figure 1. PRISMA Flowchart for Included Studies
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Published: 06 May 2025
Figure 2. Assessment of the Risk of Bias of Studies, Determined as per the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Reviewer Manual
Journal Article
Aline Lage Wendling and others
Published: 06 May 2025
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Published: 06 May 2025
Figure 3. Nut Consumption and Effects on Human Gene Expression. Red arrows: Harmful; Green arrows: Beneficial; + : stimulates; − : inhibits. Abbreviations: ↑, upregulation or increased expression; ↓, downregulation or decreased expression; CAT, catalase; CAV-2, caveolin-2; COX, cyclooxygenase enzyme; CX3CR1
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Published: 02 May 2025
Figure 1. PRISMA Flowchart Showing Both the Initial and Updated Search. The updated search overlapped with the initial search by 5 months (January to May 2022) to ensure that no new publications went undetected.
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Published: 02 May 2025
Figure 2. Forest Plots Comparing Theanine Plus Caffeine With Placebo for Simple Reaction Time in the First Hour (A) and Second Hour (B) After Intake. The prediction intervals were calculated using τ 2 , which was 0.10 and 0.00 for plots A and B, respectively. Abbreviations: C, caffeine; n , study sample size
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Published: 02 May 2025
Figure 3. Forest Plots Comparing Theanine Plus Caffeine With Placebo tor Choice Reaction Time in the First Hour (A) and Second Hour (B) After Intake, and Choice Reaction Accuracy in the First Hour (C) and Second Hour (D) After Intake. The prediction intervals were calculated using τ 2 , which was 0.00, 0.03,
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Published: 02 May 2025
Figure 4. Forest Plots Comparing Theanine Plus Caffeine With Placebo for Digit Vigilance Task Reaction Time (A) and Accuracy (B), in the Second Hour After Intake, and Attention Switching Task Accuracy in the First Hour (C) and Second Hour (D) After Intake. The prediction intervals were calculated using τ 2 ,
Journal Article
Edward R Payne and others
Published: 02 May 2025
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Published: 02 May 2025
Figure 5. Forest Plots Comparing Theanine Plus Caffeine With Placebo for Alertness in the First Hour (A) and Second Hour (B) After Intake, and Overall Mood in the Second Hour (C). The prediction intervals (PI) were calculated using τ 2 which was 0.25, 0.12, 0.00 for plots A, B, and C, respectively. Abbreviat
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Published: 02 May 2025
Figure 6. Risk of bias visualization created using code adapted from the robvis tool. 81
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Published: 29 April 2025
Figure 1. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Flow Diagram for the Inclusion and Selection of Research.
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Published: 29 April 2025
Figure 4. Effectiveness of TRE Non-Isocaloric Strategies and With Isocaloric Strategies on BMI (A) and WC (B). Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; IV, inverse variance; TRE, time-restricted eating; WC, waist circumference
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Published: 29 April 2025
Figure 5. Effectiveness of TRE Non-Isocaloric Strategies and With Isocaloric Strategies on %BF (A), FM (kg) (B), and FFM (kg) (C). Abbreviations: FFM, fat-free mass; FM, fat mass; IV, inverse variance; TRE, time-restricted eating; %BF, percentage of body fat
Journal Article
Alice C Creedon and others
Published: 29 April 2025
Journal Article
Xiuyan Gao and others
Published: 29 April 2025
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Published: 29 April 2025
Figure 2. Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Gut Microbiota–Based Intervention on Behavioral Symptoms. (A) The overall intervention effect. (B) The subgroup analysis stratified by intervention duration. (C) The subgroup analysis stratified by measurement tools. Abbreviations : ABC-T, Autism Behavior Checklist–T
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Published: 29 April 2025
Figure 3. Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Gut Microbiota–Based Intervention on Gastrointestinal Symptoms. (A) The overall intervention effect. (B) The subgroup analysis stratified by intervention duration. (C) The subgroup analysis stratified by measurement tools. Abbreviations : df, degrees of freedom; GIH,
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Published: 29 April 2025
Figure 2. Risk of Bias in the Included Studies
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Published: 29 April 2025
Figure 3. Effectiveness of TRE Non-Isocaloric Strategies and With Isocaloric Strategies on WL. Abbreviations: hs, hours; IV, inverse variance; TRE, time-restricted eating; WL, weight loss